name | Amanita argentea |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Huijsman |
english name | "Silvery Ringless Amanita" |
cap |
The cap of A. argentea is 60 - 100 mm wide, hemispheric, becoming convex to broadly convex, lacking any trace of an umbo, slightly viscid, smooth, with a pectinate-striate margin; the cap is silvery gray or ash gray, and barely shiny. The flesh is not very thin, white, grayish under the pileipellis especially in the center. The volva sometimes covers the center of the cap with a large, thick white patch. |
gills |
The gills are free, slightly convex, at first white, becoming silvery gray. The short gills are infrequent and truncate. |
stem |
The stem is often as large as 140 × 17 mm, white above, grayish toward the base, exannulate, subcylindric and rather squat, widening slightly at both ends. The flesh is pale gray below and white above, with a central cylinder stuffed with material that soon develops horizontal cracks and eventually breaks up. The volva is ample, thick, membranous, whitish or spotted with pale tan on the exterior. |
spores |
The spores measure (9.1-) 10.0 - 13.5 (-17.7) × (6.4-) 7.5 - 10.6 (-13.6) µm and are inamyloid and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. Clamps are absent or infrequent at bases of basidia. |
discussion |
Amanita argentea was originally described from France and belongs in a group of taxa mostly from southern Europe and northern Africa that have ellipsoid spores. It should be compared with A. huijsmanii F. Massart & Rouzeau, A. mairei Foley, and A. supravolvata Lanne.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita argentea | ||||||||||||||||||||
author | Huijsman. 1959. Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 75: 14, figs. 1-2. | ||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||||||
english name | "Silvery Ringless Amanita" | ||||||||||||||||||||
synonyms |
≡Amanitopsis argentea (Huijsman) Wasser. 1988. Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 45(6): 77.
≡Amanita mairei var. argentea (Huijsman) Bon & Contu. 1985. Doc. Mycol. 15(59): 53. The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site. | ||||||||||||||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 292442 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | L | ||||||||||||||||||||
epitypes | LIP 0001660 | ||||||||||||||||||||
epitypifications | Hanss and Moreau. 2020 [2017]. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France. 133(1-2): 89. | ||||||||||||||||||||
type studies | Tulloss. 1994. Mycotaxon 52: 316, figs. 7-8. | ||||||||||||||||||||
revisions |
Tulloss, here Hanss and Moreau. 2020 [2017]. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France. 133(1-2): 88-92, figs. 6-8. | ||||||||||||||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the species (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon is based upon original research by R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||||||
pileus |
Tulloss (1994): 60 - 100 mm wide, hemispheric, becoming convex to broadly convex, lacking any trace of umbo, slightly viscid, smooth, silvery gray to ash gray, barely shiny; context not very thin, white, grayish under the pileipellis especially in disc; margin pectinate-striate (up to 0.3R), approx. five striae per 10 mm; universal veil sometimes covering disc with large thick white patch. composite of all material examined: 60 - 150 mm wide, hemispheric, becoming convex to broadly convex, lacking any trace of umbo, slightly viscid when wet, smooth, silvery gray or ash gray or light gray, sometimes with pale tan margin in age, barely shiny; context not very thin, white, grayish under the pileipellis especially in disc; margin pectinate-striate (up to 0.3R), approx. five striae per 10 mm; universal veil sometimes covering disc with large thick white patch. | ||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae |
Tulloss (1994): free, slightly convex, at first white, becoming silvery gray eventually, drying 7.5YR 6/6, 12± mm broad; edge fimbriate, white and remaining so; lamellulae infrequent, truncate. composite of all material examined: free with long decurrent lines on upper stipe, slightly convex, at first white, becoming silvery gray eventually, drying 7.5YR 6/6, sometimes pinkish when freshly dried (U.K. material), 12± mm broad, with edge fimbriate (white and remaining so in holotype, grayish in U.K. exsiccata); lamellulae infrequent, truncate. | ||||||||||||||||||||
stipe |
Tulloss (1994): often attaining 140 × 17 mm, white above, grayish toward base, subcylindric and rather squat, widening slightly toward both ends, subsquamulose toward base with fibrils in zones somewhat suggesting garlands draped around stipe, becoming flocculose-tomentose toward apex and there often with striae remaining from original contact of lamellae with stipe; context pale gray below and white above, with central cylinder stuffed with material soon developing horizontal cracks and eventually breaking up; exannulate; universal veil ample, thick, membranous, often dividing into two or three lobes, up to 45 mm or longer from point of juncture with stipe to highest point on lobe, whitish or spotted with pale tan on exterior, having limbus internus placed at point of juncture of stipe and limbs. composite of all collections examined: often attaining 85± - 200 × 10± - 17+ mm, white above, grayish or grayish tan toward base, with pigmented material sometimes in zebroid belts, subcylindric and rather squat, narrowing upward or widening slightly toward both ends, subsquamulose toward base with fibrils in zones somewhat suggesting garlands draped around stipe, becoming flocculose-tomentose toward apex and there often with striae remaining from original contact of lamellae with stipe; context pale gray below and white above, with central cylinder stuffed with material soon developing horizontal cracks and eventually breaking up; exannulate; universal veil ample, thick, membranous, often dividing into two or three lobes, up to 45 mm or longer from point of juncture with stipe to highest point on lobe, whitish or spotted with pale tan on exterior, sometimes dove gray on inner surface, having limbus internus placed at point of juncture of stipe and main limb. | ||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste |
Tulloss (1994): Odor weakly of soiled dust cloth. Taste not noteworthy. composite of all collections: Odor weakly of soiled dust cloth (holotype), nearly lacking (U.K. material). Taste not noteworthy. | ||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||
pileipellis |
Tulloss (1994): about 70 µm thick; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.5 - 5.9 µm wide, with colorless walls; additional filamentous undifferentiated hyphae with yellowish refractive walls 1.7 - 8.7 µm wide, criss-crossing, plentiful in surface view, difficult to see in cross-section. composite of all material examined: about 70 µm thick; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.5 - 5.9 µm wide, sometimes with yellowish subrefractive walls, interwoven, with some subradially arranged; refractive hyphae (including vascular hyphae) 1.7 - 8.7 µm wide, criss-crossing, plentiful in surface view, difficult to see in cross-section. Note that gelatinization of the surface is not described, nor is any division of the pileipellis into supra- and subpellis. further clarification is required.—RET | ||||||||||||||||||||
pileus context |
Tulloss (1994): filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 3.4 - 11.2 µm wide, loosely interwoven; acrophysalides clavate to ventricose to ellipsoid, thin-walled, up to 135 × 48 µm; refractive hyphae 4.2 - 12.3 µm wide, locally common. composite of all material examined: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 3.4 - 11.2 µm wide, branching, loosely interwoven; acrophysalides clavate to ventricose to ellipsoid, thin-walled, up to 135 × 48 µm; vascular hyphae 4.2 - 12.3 µm wide, locally common. | ||||||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | Tulloss (1994): bilateral; wcs = 45 - 55 µm (rehydrating unevenly); filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.3 - 11.3 µm wide; inflated cells slenderly clavate to clavate, thin-walled, sometimes in short chains, up to 76 × 25 µm, with terminal ones rather sparsely distributed..., diverging from central stratum at angles from very shallow to 45° or more; refractive hyphae infrequent, 1.6 - 5.5 µm wide. | ||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium |
Tulloss (1994): wst-near = 25± µm; wst-far = 70 - 75 µm; ... with branching filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae approaching hymenium at an angle of up to 90° to central stratum, interwoven, with branch elements (sometimes comprising several hyphal segments) running parallel to central stratum both toward and away from edge of lamella, with narrowly clavate to ovoid cells occasionally present, with basidia arising from uninflated short hyphal segments. | ||||||||||||||||||||
basidia |
Tulloss (1994): 26 - 59 × 9.3 - 13.6 µm, dominantly 4-, occasionally 2-sterigmate, thin-walled; clamps present [?]. composite of all material examined: 26 - 60 × 9.3 - 15.0 µm, dominantly 4-, occasionally 2-sterigmate, thin-walled; clamps uncommon to rare [?]. | ||||||||||||||||||||
universal veil |
Tulloss (1994): On pileus: absent. At stipe base, exterior surface: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.7 - 7.3 µm wide, branching, criss-crossed, tangled, gelatinizing, sometimes in fascicles; refractive hyphae 5.0± µm wide. At stipe base, interior: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.4 - 20.0 µm wide, branching, often in fascicles, loosely interwoven, dominating; inflated cells very narrowly clavate to clavate, terminal, singly, up to 88 × 22 µm; refractive hyphae 1.7 - 7.0 µm wide. At stipe base, inner surface: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 9.8 µm wide, branching, gelatinizing, dominant, many at very surface having sublongitudinal orientation, with infrequent slightly gelatinizing terminal segments slightly inflated (e.g., 79 × 24 µm); refractive hyphae 0.8 - 5.6 µm wide, not uncommon. composite of all material examined: On pileus: absent. At stipe base, exterior surface: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.7 - 7.3 µm wide, branching, criss-crossed, tangled, gelatinizing, sometimes in fascicles; refractive hyphae 5.0± µm wide. At stipe base, interior: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.4 - 20.0 µm wide, branching, often in fascicles, loosely interwoven, dominating; inflated cells very narrowly clavate to clavate, terminal, singly, up to 88 × 22 µm; refractive hyphae (including vascular hyphae) 1.7 - 7.0 µm wide. At stipe base, inner surface: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 9.8 µm wide, branching, gelatinizing, dominant, many at very surface having sublongitudinal orientation, with infrequent slightly gelatinizing terminal segments slightly inflated (e.g., 79 × 24 µm); refractive hyphae 0.8 - 5.6 µm wide, not uncommon. | ||||||||||||||||||||
stipe context |
Tulloss (1994): longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.8 - 9.5 µm wide, branching; acrophysalides up to 235 × 42 µm; refractive hyphae 2.8 - 6.7 µm wide. composite of all material examined: longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.8 - 9.5 µm wide, branching; acrophysalides up to 248 × 46 µm; refractive hyphae 2.8 - 9.4 µm wide (including vascular hyphae). | ||||||||||||||||||||
partial veil | absent. | ||||||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores |
Tulloss (1994): [40/1/1] (9.1-) 9.3 - 12.0 (-12.7) × (6.4-) 7.3 - 9.1 (-9.3) µm, (L = 10.8 µm; W = 8.1 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.17 - 1.50 (-1.56); Q = 1.34), hyaline, colorless, inamyloid, smooth, thin-walled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally expanded at one end; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents granular to guttulate; color in deposit not recorded. composite for all material examined: [180/8/7] (9.1-) 10.0 - 13.5 (-17.7) × (6.4-) 7.4 - 10.6 (-13.6) µm, (L = 10.8 - 11.7 (-12.6) µm; L’ = 11.4 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.4 - 9.8 µm; W’ = 8.7 µm; Q = (1.04-) 1.15 - 1.51 (-1.81); Q = (1.21-) 1.27 - 1.39; Q’ = 1.31), hyaline, colorless, inamyloid, smooth, thin-walled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, adaxially flattened, occasionally expanded at one end, occasionally as "giant" or irregularly shaped spores, infrequently constricted; apiculus sublateral, cylindric, often proportionately rather large; contents granular to guttulate, dominantly monoguttulate; white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||
ecology |
Tulloss (1994): France: On hill slope in deciduous forest. non-type: Solitary to gregarious. Germany: In warm calcareous soil under Carpinus betulus L., Coryllus avellana L., and Quercus or in young forest of Fagus and Picea. U.K.: Often deeply inserted in substrate. In disturbed soil over limestone at edge of mixed forest or in grass near Quercus (on chalk hills or in neutral clay soil). | ||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
Tulloss
(1994):
FRANCE:
DOUBS—Lougres, 7.viii.1956 H. S. C.
Huijsman 4320 (holotype, L
956-110-613). non-type: FRANCE: GIRONDE—Pessac, | ||||||||||||||||||||
discussion | The basidiomes from the U.K. collections were all large, with pileus diameter often exceeding 140 mm in mature specimens. Most of the specimens in the continental collections were appreciably smaller (pileus diameter less than or equal to 100 mm). At least two of the U.K. collections contained immature material producing abnormally inflated, irregularly shaped, or "giant" spores. However, all U.K. collections are undoubtedly contaxic with the continental collections examined. | ||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita argentea |
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[ Keys & Checklists ] [ sub-Saharan Africa ] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.