| name | Amanita brunneolocularis |
| name status | nomen acceptum |
| author | Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling |
| english name | "Mesoamerican Dark Volva Blusher" |
| images |
  1. Amanita brunneolocularis, oak (Quercus) forest, Costa Rica.  2. Amanita brunneolocularis, oak (Quercus) forest, Andean Colombia. |
| cap | The cap of Amanita brunneolocularis is 45 - 130 mm wide, dull drab tan-buff to sordid flesh-color to somewhat reddish brown, discoloring reddish where bruised, becoming broadly convex to plane, with a low broad umbo or flattened center, dry, subpolished, appearing to have embedded radial fibers when viewed under a 10x lens, cracking over the center at times, with a nonstriate margin, uplifted at maturity, sometimes appendiculate with large pieces of the ring. The volva is present as pointed or flattened squamules up to 1 mm high over the center, elsewhere as patches, whitish to grayish, becoming dark brownish or reddish brown and, finally sometimes, darker than the cap surface. The flesh is 3.5 - 8 mm thick over thestem, whitish, buff colored below the cap skin in the center, and taking on a pinkish or reddish tinge when injured that eventually becomes red-brown. |
| gills |
The gills are free but not remote from the stem, crowded, pure white to whitish buff, slowly discoloring to reddish brown where damaged, developing red-brown spots in age, 3.5 - 10 mm broad, with a fimbriate edge becoming reddish brown, maybe covered in part by the large ring. The short gills are of diverse lengths. |
| stem |
The stem is 65 - 150 × 8 - 30 mm [Note: the length of the bulb is included in these measurements], cylindric, with a fine coating of appressed fibrils that are white at first and become reddish then reddish gray or brownish and, finally, nearly black over a pallid ground. The bulb is narrow to pronounced. The ring is in the upper part of the stem, membranous to submembranous, white to buff on the upper surface, white to grayish below with darkening "dashes" or blocks of volva around the edge on the underside. It is easily torn away from the stem. The volva is absent or present as a single incomplete rounded ridge above the bulb or simply as a very thin dark ring around the bulb's "shoulder." The stem becomes partially hollow; its flesh is white to buff, and discolors red to reddish brown when cut or bruised. |
| odor/taste |
The odor is mild. |
| spores |
The spores measure (6.5-) 7.5 - 10.0 (-12.5) × (5.0-) 5.8 - 7.8 (-9.0) µm and are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, infrequently elongate, and amyloid. Clamps are absent from the bases of basidia. |
| discussion |
This species is originally described from
Andean Colombia and has also been found in Costa Rica
and Honduras. In late September, 2006, A.
brunneolocularis was
found for the first time in the central Appalachians
(North Carolina, USA). This material is genetically
nearly identical to the Colombian material. Unblackened
collections of this species are occasionally collected in
the southern parts of its range and commonly collected in the northern
parts of its range. It appears that it may be the
same species as what is called
Amanita
sp-amerirubescens02 on this site. RET has seen a very dark colored species of section Validae in central Mexico, but there was no sign of red staining and a complete review of the material has not been carried out. In Colombia, this species occurs in groups in forests dominated by a single oak (Quercus humboldtii). In Costa Rica, this species occurs in forests including oak (for example, Q. oocarpa). In North Carolina, the species was found in clusters under a single specimen of White Pine (Pinus strobus). The species epithet of the present species means "brown-celled," which refers to the inflated
cells of the volva.
This species can appear to have a nearly black
stem due to the rather dense coating of dark fibrils on the stem. For distinguishing between rubescent taxa in section Validae, refer to the key
to rubescent taxa in Amanita section Validae. |
| brief editors | RET |
| name | Amanita brunneolocularis | ||||||||
| author | Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling. 1992. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 66: 27, figs. 21-23, 35. | ||||||||
| name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
| english name | "Mesoamerican Dark Volva Blusher" | ||||||||
| MycoBank nos. | 359394 | ||||||||
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
| ||||||||
| holotypes | HUA | ||||||||
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is derived from the protolog of the present species and from additional original research of R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||
| basidiospores |
from protolog: [180/7/4] (6.5-) 7.5 - 9.8 (-10.8) × (5.0-) 5.8 - 7.8 (-9.0) µm, L = 8.5 - 9.0 µm; L’ = 8.7 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.15 - 1.46 (-1.69); Q = 1.27 - 1.36; Q’ = 1.31), amyloid, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, mostly broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally subglobose, occasionally slightly expanded at one end or pip-shaped, adaxially flattened to slightly adaxially flattened; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate subconic; contents guttulate; color in deposit unknown. composite of all data from material revised by Tulloss: [258/10/6] (6.5-) 7.5 - 10.0 (-12.5) × (5.0-) 5.8 - 7.8 (-9.0) µm, L = (8.3-) 8.4 - 9.4 µm; L’ = 8.8 µm; W = (6.1-) 6.3 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.17 - 1.47 (-1.69); Q = 1.27 - 1.34 (-1.36); Q’ = 1.31). | ||||||||
| ecology | Solitary to gregarious. Costa Rica: At 1715 - 2000 m elev. In mixed woods with Quercus present or in Q. oocarpa-dominated forest (Franco-M. 1076 & 1115). Colombia: Up to 2500± m elev. Under Q. humboldtii or in Q. humboldtii-dominated forest. | ||||||||
| material examined |
COLOMBIA:
ANTIOQUIA—Mpio. Santa Rosa de Osos - vereda “El Chaquiro,” rd. from Santa Rosa de Osos to Aragon, ca. Llanos de Cuivá, 14.xi.1986 C. L. Ovrebo 2506 (holotype, HUA), 12.vi.1990 A. E. Franco-M. 524 (paratype, HUA; paratype, NY 15387); vereda “El Chaquiro,” Finca “La Española,” prop. Arcángel Pérez, 1.vi.1992 A. E. Franco-Molano 900 (COL; NY; RET 086-5).
BOYACÁ—Mpio. Arcabuco - unkn. loc., 26.iv.1992 A. E. Franco-Molano 776 (COL: NY). Mpio. San Miguel de Sema - rd. from Simijacta to San Miguel de Sema, 9.v.1987 R. E. Halling 5247 (paratype, COL; paratype, NY 15388).
COSTA RICA: CARTAGO—Ctn. Unkn. - ca. Cañon, E of Interam. Hwy., at La Esperanza del Guarco [ 9°41’1” N/ 83°52’43” W, 2505 m], 4.xi.1992 B. A. Strack 507 (F 1111014); along Interam. Hwy., Cerro de la Muerte, 22.vi.1986 C. L. Ovrebo 2002 (paratype, CSU); Estrella | ||||||||
| citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
| editors | RET | ||||||||
Information to support the viewer in reading the content of "technical" tabs can be found here.
| name | Amanita brunneolocularis |
| bottom links |
[ Keys & Checklists ] [ Key for some Amanita species of Belize, Costa Rica, & Honduras ] [ Great Smoky Mtns. N.P. & region list ] |
| name | Amanita brunneolocularis |
| bottom links |
[ Keys & Checklists ] [ Key for some Amanita species of Belize, Costa Rica, & Honduras ] [ Great Smoky Mtns. N.P. & region list ] |
Spore data sets and their composite
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.
Text and User-Generated Sporographs are published under the Creative Commons License.
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