Amanita australis - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella

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name	Amanita australis
name status	nomen acceptum
author	G. Stev.
english name	"Far South Amanita"
images	1. Amanita australis, New Zealand.
intro	Permission to quote extensively from his description of this species was granted by Dr. Geoffrey Ridley (1991).
cap	Amanita australis has a cap that is 20 - 90 mm wide and convex to plano-convex, then plano-depressed. Its colors range from very dark honey buff or honey or isabelline in the center to buff at the margin. The cap is viscid when young or wet. The margin of the cap is not striate. The flesh of the cap is largely white with pale isabelline sometimes present below the cap's skin in the cap's center. The volva on the cap is white at first, becoming grayish sepia to isabelline with white to buff tips. The volva is divided into conic or pyramidal warts over the cap's center; these diminish in size and quantity toward the margin.
gills	The gills of this species are free, crowded, white, and 6 - 10 mm wide. Short gills are truncate.
stem	The stem is 37 - 90 × 6 - 26 mm with an abruptly bulbous to subbulbous base 14 - 38 mm wide. The stem is white with its surface above the annulus floccose. Below the annulus white, buff or sordid transverse striate bands are often present. The annulus is membranous, striate above, white to buff, skirt-like at first, and eventually appressed on the stem. The flesh of the hollow stem is white. The volva may be absent from the stipe or form a rim of powdery sordid buff to grayish sepia material on the top of the bulb.
odor/taste	Odor and taste were not reported for this species.
spores	The spores of this species measure (8.0-) 9.0 - 12.0 (-14.5) × (7.0-) 8.0 - 10.5 µm and are globose to subglobose to ellipsoid and amyloid. Clamps are present at bases of basidia (a very odd character for a species assigned to sect. Validae).
discussion	Amanita australis is found only in New Zealand in association with Nothofagus, Leptospermum, and Kunzea. The present species is somewhat reminiscent of the North American A. abrupta Peck of sect. Lepidella—R. E. Tulloss
brief editors	RET

name

Amanita australis

author

G. Stev. 1962. Kew Bull. 16: 67, pl. 1/1.

name status

nomen acceptum

english name

"Far South Amanita"

synonyms

?=Limacella macrospora G. Stev. 1962. Kew Bull. 16: 65, pl. 2/1.

≡Oudemansiella macrospora (G. Stev.) Horak. 1971. information requested.

non Amanita macrospora H. L. Stewart & Grund (=Amanita frostiana)

The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site.

etymology

australis, "southern"

MycoBank nos.

326087, 333374, 319066

GenBank nos.

Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages. These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.

accession	locus	voucher	source

holotypes

A. australis & L. macrospora—K

revisions

A. australis—Ridley. 1991. Austral. Syst. Bot. 4: 336, fig. 5(a-j).
L. macrospora—Ridley. 1993. Austral. Syst. Bot. 5: 155.

intro

The following text may make multiple use of each data field.

The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material.

The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate.

Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain.

The following material is largely based on the revision of Ridley (1991). Some data (as indicated in text) is from original research of R. E. Tulloss.

Basidiomes very small to medium.

pileus

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): 20 - 90 mm wide, convex to plano-convex, then plano-depressed, at margin occasionally splitting and rolling back to give a ragged appearance, with disc dark buff, honey or isabelline, paling to buff at margin, viscid when young or wet, drying with age; context white, occasionally pale isabelline under disc, rarely as gray line above lamellae; margin not described; universal veil as conical to pyramidal warts, aggregated over disc, becoming sparse and low towards margin, at first white then greyish sepia or isabelline, with white to buff tips.

lamellae

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): free, crowded, 6 - 10 mm wide, white, margin entire; lamellulae truncate.

stipe

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): 37 – 90 × 6 – 26 mm [length includes bulb], narrowest at center, hollow, above partial veil white, floccose, below white with white, buff or sordid transverse, striate bands; bulb from slightly distinguished from stipe to abrupt, 14 – 38 mm wide, marginate to marginate-depressed; context white, hollow; partial veil membranous, striate, white to buff, pendulous then adhering to stipe; universal veil absent or as sordid buff to grayish pulverulence on bulb's rim.

odor/taste

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): Odor and taste not recorded.

macrochemical
tests

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): none recorded.

pileipellis

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): 220 – 270 µm thick, comprising gelatinised suprapellis and non-gelantinised subpellis.

basidia

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): 43.5 – 76.5 × 10.5 – 17 µm, mostly 4-spored; clamps present.

universal veil

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): On pileus: filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 4 – 10 µm wide, moderately abundant; inflated cells abundant, globose to clavate to napiform, 10 - 86 × 9 - 85 µm, pale umber to umber, in chains perpendicular to pileus surface, becoming smaller and paler toward tip of wart; vascular hyphae not described; clamps abundant. On stipe base: not described.

lamella edge tissue

From the protolog (Ridley 1991): including numerous inflated cells, 16 - 40 × 10.5 - 28 µm, globose, elliptic or clavate, hyaline.

basidiospores

send to graphing tool

From the revision of Ridley (1991): [367/31/-] (8-) 9 - 12 (-14.5) × (7-) 8 - 10 µm, (Q = 1.0 – 1.33 (- 1.60); Q' = 1.10), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, ??smooth??, globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, inamyloid; apiculus undescribed; contents undescribed; white in deposit.

RET: [40/2/1] (8.8-) 9.0 - 11.0 (-12.8) × (8.0-) 8.2 - 10.2 (-11.5) μm, (L = 9.8 - 10.2 μm; L’ = 10.0 μm; W = 9.2 - 9.5 μm; W’ = 9.3 μm; Q = 1.02 - 1.15 (-1.17); Q = 1.07 - 1.08; Q’ = 1.07), smooth, with walls subopaque and thin or slightly thickened, moderately amyloid, globose to subglobose, infrequently broadly ellipsoid, adaxially flattened; content monoguttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric, proportionately rather small.

ecology

From the revision of Ridley (1991): Solitary or (rarely) gregarious. Known from both the North and South Islands of New Zealand: Under Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. solandri, N. truncata, Leptospermum scoparium and Kunzea ericoides.

RET: Under Nothofagus truncata.

material examined

From the revision of Ridley (1991): NEW ZEALAND: AUCKLAND—Henderson, Sharp’s Bush, 25.iv.1971 J. M. Dingley s.n. (PDD 29021); Hunua Range, Mangatangi Gorge, 26.iv.1972 J. M. Dingley s.n. (PDD 29906). NELSON—Karamea, Umere, 26.xii,1969, R. F. R. McNabb (PDD 31204); Nelson Lakes Nat. Pk., Lk. Rotoiti, 5.iii.1955 G. Stevenson 970 (holotype, K). SOUTHLAND—Fiordland Nat, Pk.(?), Mt. Grey, 11.vi.1983 G. Stevenson 83/191 (CHR). WELLINGTON— Eastbourne, Day’s Bay, 7.vi.1952 G. Stevenson 863 (K); Orongorongo Track, 9.iv.1986 G. S. Ridley 60 (PDD 56162), 18.iii.1987 S. Brodie & S. Frisby [G. S. Ridley 313] (PDD 56164), 25.iii.1987 G. S. Ridley 325 (PDD 56165); Orongorongo Valley, Paua Ridge, 19.iii.1986 G. S. Ridley 15a (PDD 56161); Rimutaka For. Pk., Catchpool, 3.v.1958 G. Stevenson 1297a (K).

RET: NEW ZEALAND: NORTHLAND—Ornahuta For., 14.iv.1992 Steven L. Stephenson NZ 1992-1 (RET 071-2).

discussion

Since the revision of this species by Ridley (1991), the species has been considered to be assignable to Amanita section Validae. However, the fact that clamps are rather common at bases of basidia is something at odds with all other known taxa in the section. Moreover, if sections Validae and Phalloideae have a common ancestor as has been proposed on both phylogenetic and morphological grounds, the fact that clamped basidia are not known in either section, leads one to considering that

the present species is the only known case of plentiful clamps appearing on a species with a long clampless ancestral line or

the present species is a rare example of a pigmented species of section Lepidella or

the present species an amyloid-spored species "near basal" to the inamyloid spored taxa of Amanita section Amanita or

the present species fits none of the above descriptions and is of unknown relationship to all other extant taxa in the genus.

citations

—R. E. Tulloss

editors

RET

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Spore data for collections
provisionally identified as: Amanita australis G. Stev.

Spore data sets and their composite

Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.

basidiospore definition

Spore Measurements by Collection

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name	Amanita australis
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